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Geothermal Development in Italy, Tuscany

"Advancing Geothermal Energy: Italy's Push for Sustainable Development"



**Introduction:**

In the heart of Italy, specifically Tuscany, a significant stride is being taken towards the sustainable development of geothermal energy. This initiative is led by a Technical Table coordinated by the Italian Geothermal Union (Ugi) and the Italian Association for Urban Heating (Airu), working in tandem with the Ministry of Environment. Their mission? To craft a comprehensive national plan that encompasses the entire spectrum of geothermal energy use, from thermal applications to geothermal power generation and the strategic recovery of minerals from geothermal fluids.


**Key Developments:**

The final meeting, set for February 16th with Minister Pichetto, signals a positive dialogue between the Technical Table and the ministry. After years of relative stagnation in the development of this renewable source, Tuscany stands as a pioneer, having utilized geothermal energy for electricity production for over a century. Signs are emerging that a pivotal turning point may be on the horizon.


Firstly, the European RepowerEu plan aims to triple geothermal power capacity across the continent by 2030. Additionally, the European Parliament recently voted 96% in favor of a resolution urging a common European strategy to support geothermal energy. This encouragement is already bearing fruit in countries like France, Germany, Austria, Croatia, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Poland, all of which have implemented national strategic plans.


In Tuscany, efforts are underway to extend geothermal concessions that underpin the operation of the country's sole active geothermal power plant, managed by Enel Green Power. A proposed energy decree by the Meloni government has opened up this possibility. However, challenges persist at the national level.


**Challenges and Opportunities:**

The Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (Pniec), crucial for guiding Italy's energy transition until 2030 and beyond, faced unanimous rejection from major national environmental associations, the European Commission, and, most recently, the OECD. Notably, the Pniec falls short of ambitious geothermal development goals, projecting an increase from 817 MW in 2020 to a mere 1,000 MW by 2030.


Yet, the theoretically accessible geothermal resources within 5 km of depth could satisfy five times the entire national energy demand. Currently contributing 2.1% to the national electricity production and 1.35% to renewable heat consumption, geothermal energy's potential remains untapped.


Compounding the challenges are delays in the much-awaited incentives for geothermal electricity production outlined in the notorious Fer 2 decree, pending for over 1,600 days, despite Minister Pichetto's December 2022 assurance of its finalization.


**The Road Ahead:**

The Technical Table underscores the need to swiftly address the decades-long gap in recognizing geothermal potential. It calls for an expedited update of the Pniec, to be sent to Brussels by June 2024, incorporating a concrete valorization of geothermal resources.


As Tuscany pioneers geothermal development, the broader Italian and European landscape awaits a comprehensive strategy to harness the full potential of this sustainable energy source. The journey towards a greener future is underway, but decisive actions are imperative to turn the tide.


**Conclusion:

Italy's endeavors in geothermal energy exemplify the nation's commitment to a sustainable energy future. With promising signals and ongoing dialogues, the push for a robust national plan is not just about harnessing geothermal power but embracing a transformative approach to energy production and consumption. The stakes are high, the challenges are real, but the potential benefits for Italy and the planet make the journey toward geothermal sustainability undeniably worthwhile.

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