Menengai’s Broken Promise: How Kenya’s Geothermal Model Lost the Steam Thematic image of the Olkaria Geothermal Field Kenya’s Menengai geothermal project was sold as a model of modern public-private partnership. The state would carry the difficult and expensive burden of geothermal exploration and drilling. Private power producers would then build, own and operate power plants. Geothermal Development Company would supply the steam; the independent power producers would convert it into electricity; Kenya Power would buy the output. On paper, the arrangement was elegant. In practice, Menengai has exposed a far more uncomfortable reality: Kenya’s public steam-supply model is not delivering the certainty it promised. Menengai Phase I was designed to produce 105 megawatts from three 35 MW plants. GDC’s own project page says the three plants were awarded to Globeleq Menengai Geothermal, Sosian Menengai Geothermal Power and OrPower Twenty Two under a build-own-operate structure. Yet the ...
Geothermal Energy in the US: A Clean Energy Powerhouse with Tax Incentive Parity
By: Robert Buluma
The global shift toward renewable energy is rapidly evolving, with geothermal energy finally stepping into the spotlight as a clean, reliable, and sustainable power source. In the United States, a significant leap was taken to elevate geothermal's prominence alongside other renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, through expanded tax incentives under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA).
This move marks a pivotal moment for geothermal energy, aligning it with the same 30% tax credit offered to wind and solar projects. The newfound parity demonstrates the Biden administration's commitment to an inclusive approach to tackling climate change. Geothermal, with its ability to provide consistent, baseload energy, offers unique advantages that complement intermittent renewables like wind and solar.
Tax Incentives Driving Geothermal Growth
Under the IRA, geothermal energy projects are now eligible for a Production Tax Credit (PTC) or an Investment Tax Credit (ITC), both of which provide substantial financial benefits to developers. The PTC rewards geothermal plants based on the amount of energy they produce, while the ITC covers 30% of eligible project costs, including exploration and drilling expenses.
These tax incentives are a game-changer for the geothermal sector, addressing one of the industry's biggest hurdles—high upfront costs. Exploration and drilling for geothermal resources are capital-intensive, often deterring potential investors. By reducing these costs, the IRA creates a favorable landscape for geothermal innovation and deployment.
Geothermal's Role in a Carbon-Free Future
Geothermal energy is a critical piece of the puzzle for achieving the United States' clean energy goals. Unlike wind and solar, geothermal energy provides a constant power supply, making it an ideal complement to intermittent renewables. As the US grid becomes increasingly reliant on renewable energy, geothermal's reliability will play a vital role in maintaining energy stability and security.
Furthermore, geothermal energy aligns with the broader goal of decarbonizing the economy. Its potential for direct use applications, such as heating and cooling, expands its versatility beyond electricity generation. This dual role strengthens geothermal's position as a key player in the fight against climate change.
A Broader Context: Global Tax Incentives for Geothermal
While the US has taken strides to support geothermal, other countries are following suit. For instance,Kenya has historically offered VAT and import duty exemptions on geothermal equipment, further solidifying its position as a global geothermal leader. The Kenyan government is also exploring concessional funding for pre-investment resource assessments, reinforcing its commitment to this renewable energy source.
These international developments highlight the growing recognition of geothermal energy's potential. However, the US has taken the lead in integrating geothermal energy into mainstream clean energy policies, making it a model for other nations.
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite the promising tax incentives, challenges remain. Geothermal projects require extensive exploration and drilling, with uncertain outcomes. The high upfront capital costs still pose risks for investors, even with tax credits in place.
However, these challenges create opportunities for innovation. Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), a cutting-edge technology, aim to unlock geothermal resources in areas without naturally occurring hydrothermal systems. With the financial backing provided by the IRA, the US is well-positioned to lead the development and deployment of such technologies.
The Time for Geothermal is Now
The Biden administration's decision to extend tax incentives to geothermal energy signals a recognition of its untapped potential. By putting geothermal on equal footing with wind and solar, the US is paving the way for a more diversified and resilient clean energy portfolio.
As the geothermal sector gains momentum, this moment marks the beginning of a new era—one where geothermal energy plays a central role in achieving a carbon-free future. The time for geothermal is now, and the US is ready to lead the charge.
Sources:Terra Rodgers , International Energy Agency , Reuters
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