Geothermal startup Mazama Energy raised $135 million in an oversubscribed Series B, the startup said Thursday. The fresh funding will help the company develop horizontal wells in superhot rocks capable of generating 15 megawatts of electricity per well. Mazama plans to start generating electricity sometime next year and said its first site in Oregon is capable of producing 10 gigawatts of electricity. That’s a sharp upward revision from the company’s estimate last year, when investor Vinod Khosla said the site had the potential to produce 5 gigawatts. Enhanced geothermal startups are shaping up to be the dark horse in the battle to power AI data centers and other large loads on the grid. While tech companies and data center developers have been throwing their weight behind natural gas, geothermal startups have been quickly advancing their technology. Unlike previous geothermal projects, enhanced geothermal startups are targeting deeper and hotter rock. Mazama, for example, has drilled ...
Geothermal’s workforce story is increasingly a story about people who used to drill for oil now drilling for heat instead.
Image : A Thematic picture of an oil and gas worker
The same crews and engineers who perfected unconventional shale, deepwater wells and complex subsurface projects are being redeployed into enhanced geothermal systems, closed loop concepts and district heating, and the speed of that transition will determine how fast the project pipeline can actually be built.
Below is a revised article without hyphens or commas in the prose. I will still use periods and headings so it stays readable.
Geothermal Talent And The Oil To Geothermal Workforce Transition
The most important geothermal technology of the next decade might not be new hardware or software. It might be people. Thousands of oilfield workers geoscientists and engineers already know how to drill deep complex wells and keep them under control. As enhanced geothermal systems and advanced concepts move from slide decks to real projects the industry is leaning heavily on oil and gas talent to make it real.
At the same time there is a clear skills bottleneck forming. If even a modest share of the global enhanced geothermal and district heating potential gets built existing geothermal teams will be overwhelmed. Companies like Fervo Energy Eavor CeraPhi Energy and Sage Geosystems all founded or led by people with oil and gas backgrounds are already investing in training apprenticeships and local pipelines so fossil industry knowhow becomes geothermal muscle instead of stranded experience.
Oil And Gas DNA At The Core Of New Geothermal
Look closely at the leadership and technical teams of many new geothermal developers and the pattern is obvious. They are full of oil and gas veterans who changed the product from hydrocarbons to heat but kept the same core skills.
Fervo Energy openly describes enhanced geothermal as applying horizontal drilling and multistage completion techniques to geothermal projects. At an offshore technology conference in twenty twenty four the company highlighted how similar enhanced geothermal systems are to unconventional oilfield operations and how that makes it easy for fossil workers to move into geothermal roles.
Eavor uses closed loop systems that require multilateral well designs and precise drilling. The company has executed projects in Alberta and Europe using crews and service providers drawn from the same regional oilfield workforce that serves conventional oil and gas.
CeraPhi Energy was founded by former oil and gas executives Karl Farrow and Gary Williams. CeraPhi focuses on using closed loop designs inside existing or depleted oil and gas wells. Their CeraPhiWell concept relies on the same skills that oilfield teams already use for well integrity completions and workovers and their flagship project in North Yorkshire aims to turn old gas wells into geothermal heat sources.
Sage Geosystems is based in Houston and its team has more than one hundred and twenty five years of combined experience in well construction stimulation and complex field development from roles in major oil companies and service firms. Sage is using that experience to build new geothermal and subsurface storage projects and frames itself as a company that brings deep oilfield discipline into the clean energy space.
Legacy players also fit this pattern. Chevron has run large geothermal operations in Indonesia for years using staff with oil and gas backgrounds and Pertamina has built a significant geothermal portfolio in the Philippines and Indonesia using similar internal talent flows.
Why Oilfield Skills Map So Well To Geothermal
Geothermal and upstream oil and gas look different on the balance sheet but very similar in day to day work. That is why the labour transition is so natural.
Drilling and well construction skills transfer almost perfectly. Both sectors need planners and crews who can design casing strings manage drilling fluids handle high pressures maintain well control and steer a bit into tight targets. Directional drilling managed pressure drilling and geosteering are used in both sectors.
Completion and stimulation skills carry over into enhanced geothermal systems that need engineered fracture networks. The same knowledge of pump schedules pressure diagnostics and micro seismic monitoring that made shale possible now helps build geothermal reservoirs.
Subsurface characterisation uses the same geophysical and geological tool kit. Geoscientists who interpret seismic logs and core for hydrocarbons can apply those skills to understand geothermal reservoirs faults and stress regimes.
Operations and safety cultures are also similar. Running several rigs at once coordinating multiple contractors and keeping round the clock operations safe and efficient is exactly what experienced oilfield supervisors know how to do.
Because of this overlap panel discussions now often talk about synergies rather than conflicts between oil and gas and geothermal and companies like Fervo and Sage describe geothermal as a new application of existing field skills rather than a completely new discipline.
Fervo Apprenticeship A Live Example Of Transition
The clearest structured example of oil to geothermal workforce transition is Fervo Energy’s apprenticeship programme in Utah. In late twenty twenty four Fervo Southern Utah University and Elemental Impact launched a geothermal apprenticeship focused on subsurface operations. It is specifically designed to help oil and gas workers and local residents enter the enhanced geothermal industry.
The programme is administered by Southern Utah University and funded in part by Elemental Impact. It mixes on the job training in geothermal directional drilling and well completions with college level coursework in geology and energy systems. This format works for both traditional students and working adults.
By late twenty twenty four more than twenty individuals from ten oilfield service providers had already registered for the programme and the partners aimed to enrol around forty apprentices in the first year. Elemental Impact reports that within three months twenty six apprentices all former oilfield specialists were already building geothermal careers. The same case study projects that Fervo’s Cape Station project will support more than six thousand construction jobs and over one hundred and sixty permanent roles over its life and generate more than one billion dollars in local economic activity in Utah.
A separate analysis by National Skills Coalition describes how Fervo used this apprenticeship to create an earn and learn model. Apprentices earn wages that grow as they build skills and local contractors gain a way to meet apprenticeship requirements tied to United States policy incentives while building a local workforce instead of importing crews from other states.
Image ; Oil and gas workers after a blow out , dirty jobs clean money
Eavor CeraPhi And Sage Repurposing Oilfield Careers
Other developers are following similar paths even if their programmes are less formal.
Eavor relies on experienced oilfield contractors to drill its complex closed loop well pairs and emphasises job creation and supply chain continuity in its Canadian and European projects. The technology is different but the crew skill sets are almost identical to those used for multilateral oil wells.
CeraPhi Energy markets its work as turning liabilities into assets by repurposing old oil and gas wells. Their projects in North Yorkshire convert suspended gas wells into geothermal heat projects which keeps local well servicing teams and engineers employed in a decarbonising context. Interviews with CeraPhi leaders highlight this as a way to give workers and communities around former fossil sites a stake in the new energy system.
Sage Geosystems uses Houston as a base to tap into one of the deepest oilfield talent pools in the world. Its team includes former Shell and Weatherford leaders and it presents geothermal and subsurface pumped storage as new challenges for the same engineering culture that mastered deepwater and unconventional plays. Public talks by Sage leadership stress that discipline urgent problem solving and safety mindset are all being carried into their geothermal projects.
The Skills Bottleneck That Is Coming
While this transition is encouraging there is a clear ceiling. If geothermal scales to the levels forecast by agencies such as the United States Department of Energy the current rate of retraining will not be enough.
Oil and gas activity remains significant in many basins so geothermal must compete for the same people. In some cases oilfield roles still pay more or offer familiar rotation patterns. Geothermal projects will need to offer compelling combinations of pay location stability and mission in order to attract and keep talent.
In new geothermal regions there is no deep oilfield workforce to draw on. Enhanced geothermal projects in parts of Europe Africa and Asia may be far from traditional oil hubs. That means training must start from the ground up.
New disciplines are also entering the mix. Advanced geothermal systems connect directly to power grids data centres and district heating networks. That demands skills in grid integration heat pump systems control software and thermal storage alongside classic drilling and reservoir skills.
Many of the most seasoned well engineers and supervisors are approaching retirement. Unless their knowledge is captured through training and mentorship programmes there is a risk that decades of experience in handling complex wells will disappear just as geothermal needs it most.
All of this points to a simple conclusion. Labour will be a key constraint on geothermal growth. Without enough trained people projects will be delayed costs will rise and investor confidence could suffer.
Building A True Geothermal Talent Pipeline
To avoid that outcome serious developers are starting to treat workforce as infrastructure. They are building pipelines not just hiring when a project appears.
Formal apprenticeships and vocational programmes are one pillar. Fervo’s partnership with Southern Utah University is a visible example and similar models can be built with community colleges national training centres and union academies. The common idea is to combine classroom teaching in geology and energy systems with paid experience on rigs and plants.
Corporate transition schemes are another tool. Oil and gas operators facing field decline or decommissioning can partner with geothermal developers to place staff into new roles. This can include secondments retraining budgets and official pathways between business units devoted to hydrocarbons and units focused on geothermal.
Regional centres of excellence make practical sense. Places like Houston Alberta and the North Sea region already host oilfield service bases engineering firms and universities. Adding dedicated geothermal labs test wells and training centres to those ecosystems is more efficient than building everything from scratch elsewhere.
Digital training and simulated operations can speed the process. High fidelity simulators and digital twins allow crews to practise complex operations without burning rig time. Artificial intelligence tutors and digital knowledge bases can capture expert judgement before it leaves the workforce.
Public policy also has a role. Governments and development banks can fund training link skills requirements to access to geothermal grants and loans and support workers during transition through stipends or wage support. In the Philippines for example new geothermal derisking facilities sit alongside technical and vocational skills programmes so that resource development and workforce development proceed together.
Why This Story Resonates With Investors And Professionals
For investors and LinkedIn audiences the oil to geothermal workforce transition hits several important themes. It shows that energy transition does not automatically mean job loss. It reframes decarbonisation as a chance to redeploy one of the most capable industrial workforces in the world into a new but related domain.
It also addresses execution risk. Lenders and equity investors know that no amount of capital or technology matters if there are no crews to execute designs on time and on budget. Developers that can point to concrete apprenticeship numbers formal training partnerships and deliberate talent strategies send a strong signal about their ability to scale.
Finally it provides human stories. Fervo’s twenty six apprentices in Utah CeraPhi’s North Yorkshire conversions Sage’s Houston engineers and Eavor’s Canadian crews all give the energy transition names places and faces rather than abstract statistics.
The simple message is that geothermal is not building a workforce from nothing. It is redirecting a highly skilled oilfield workforce toward a hotter cleaner goal. The companies that understand that and invest early in talent pipelines will be the ones that turn ambitious gigawatt scale plans into actual projects in the ground.
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