Plum Acquisition Corp. IV and Controlled Thermal Resources Outline a Large-Scale Geothermal and Critical Minerals Platform Plum Acquisition Corp. IV (“Plum IV”) and Controlled Thermal Resources Holdings Inc. (“CTR”) are moving toward a proposed business combination that would create a public company focused on one of the most ambitious geothermal and critical minerals developments in the United States. The combined entity is expected to trade on Nasdaq under the pro forma ticker CTRH, reflecting a platform built around clean baseload power, lithium recovery, and broader critical minerals production. The investor presentation dated August 2026 frames the transaction around CTR’s Hell’s Kitchen project in Imperial County, California, which is presented as a strategically positioned resource opportunity with energy, minerals, infrastructure, and permitting advantages. At the center of the presentation is a clear message: this is not just a power project, and it is not j...
Geothermal Energy Permits in Denmark: Mapping the Country’s Quiet Heat Revolution (December 2025)
Denmark is globally admired for its wind power leadership, ambitious climate policies, and strong district heating systems. Yet beneath its flat landscapes lies another energy resource that is steadily gaining strategic importance: geothermal energy. As of December 2025, Denmark’s geothermal sector is entering a new phase marked by fresh permit applications, and even approval expanding geographic interest, and stronger alignment with the country’s long-term decarbonization goals. An overview of current geothermal permits and applications reveals not only where development is happening, but also how geothermal energy is quietly positioning itself as a cornerstone of Denmark’s renewable heat future.
Geothermal Energy and Denmark’s Heat Transition
More than 60 percent of Danish households are connected to district heating networks, making heat decarbonization a national priority. While biomass, waste heat, and large heat pumps currently dominate the sector, geothermal energy offers a unique advantage: it provides stable, weather-independent, baseload heat with minimal surface footprint. Unlike wind or solar, geothermal heat can operate continuously, making it particularly well suited for district heating supply.
Recognizing this potential, the Danish Energy Agency (Energistyrelsen), under the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities, regulates exploration and production of geothermal energy through a structured permitting framework governed by the Subsoil Act. These permits define who can explore, where they can operate, and within which geological formations or depth ranges geothermal resources may be accessed.
Current Status: Applications Result's are out
In the most recent semi-annual licensing round, the Danish Energy Agency had received two new applications for geothermal exploration and production permits aimed specifically at district heating supply. The application deadline closed on Monday, 1 September 2025, at 12:00 noon.
The two applicants were:
Innargi A/S, seeking a geothermal permit for an area in North Zealand (Nordsjælland)
Green Therma ApS, applying for a permit covering an area in Aalborg
These applications were reviewed. Before any permits are formally granted, the Minister for Climate, Energy and Utilities is legally required to submit a detailed report to the Danish Parliament’s Climate, Energy and Utilities Committee. This process ensures political oversight, transparency, and alignment with national energy strategy.
At present, there were two geothermal permit applications under active consideration,reflecting a cautious but steady growth trajectory for the sector.
Rules Governing New Applications
Denmark’s geothermal licensing regime is designed to avoid overlaps and speculative congestion. Applications can only be submitted for areas not already covered by an existing geothermal exploration or production permit. Additionally, if applications from earlier licensing rounds are still under review, new applications cannot be submitted for those same areas. These rules, outlined in the official invitation letters, ensure orderly development and fair access to subsurface resources.
Overview of Existing Geothermal Permits in Denmark
As of December 2025, Denmark has a limited but strategically significant portfolio of active geothermal permits, reflecting both early pioneering efforts and newer commercial interest.
1. Thisted – The Pioneer Project (1983)
Denmark’s geothermal journey began in Thisted, where an exclusive license to explore and produce geothermal energy was granted on 8 December 1983. The operator, Thisted Varmeforsyning A.m.b.a., holds a 100 percent ownership stake. Notably, the permit has no depth limitation, highlighting the early experimental nature of the project.
The Thisted geothermal plant remains a landmark case, proving that geothermal district heating is technically viable in Danish geological conditions and serving as a long-term reference point for newer projects.
2. Greater Copenhagen Area (2001)
On 19 February 2001, a major geothermal permit was granted for the Hovedstadsområdet (Greater Copenhagen Area). The operator is the Hovedstadsområdets Geotermiske Samarbejde, a consortium comprising:
Each partner holds an equal 33.33 percent ownership stake. Like the Thisted permit, this license is not depth-restricted, allowing flexibility in reservoir targeting. The Copenhagen permit underscores geothermal energy’s relevance to large, complex urban heating systems.
3. Thisted Expansion Permit (2017)
Building on decades of experience, Thisted Varmeforsyning A.m.b.a. was granted an additional permit, G2017-01, on 24 February 2017, again with 100 percent ownership and no depth limitation. This permit reflects renewed confidence in geothermal heat as a long-term component of Thisted’s energy mix.
4. Aarhus – Innargi Enters the Scene (2019)
A major milestone came on 4 April 2019,when permit G2019-02 was granted for the Aarhus area. Operated by Innargi I P/S, with Innargi A/S holding 100 percent ownership, this permit specifically targets the Gassum Formation, a well-known sandstone reservoir with favorable geothermal characteristics.
5. Nordborg – Industrial Geothermal Heat (2024)
On 14 November 2024, Danfoss A/S received permit G2024-01 for geothermal exploration and production in Nordborg. The permit allows access to depths between 0 and 800 meters below ground level, reflecting a focus on relatively shallow geothermal resources.
This project is particularly notable because it links geothermal energy directly to industrial heat demand, reinforcing geothermal’s role beyond municipal district heating and into industrial decarbonization.
6. Virum – A New Permit in 2025
The most recent permit, G2025-01, was granted on 1 December 2025 to Innargi Project II P/S for the Virum area. The depth range spans from the top of the Lower Cretaceous to the base of the Bunter Sandstone Formation, indicating a carefully defined geological target zone.
With 100 percent ownership, this permit highlights Innargi’s expanding footprint in Denmark and growing confidence in geothermal heat as a scalable solution for urban areas.
Transparency, Data, and Public Access
Denmark maintains a high level of transparency around geothermal development. The Danish Energy Agency provides:
Interactive maps of geothermal permits
High-resolution downloadable maps
Shapefiles for professional analysis and planning
These tools enable municipalities, investors, researchers, and the public to understand where geothermal activity is permitted and how subsurface resources are being managed.
Looking Ahead: A Measured but Strategic Expansion
While Denmark’s geothermal sector remains modest in size, its strategic importance is growing. With rising biomass constraints, electrification pressures, and climate targets tightening toward 2030 and 2050, geothermal energy offers a locally sourced, low-emission heat solution that complements wind and solar power.
The new applications in North Zealand and Aalborg, combined with recent permits in Virum and Nordborg, suggest that geothermal energy is transitioning from pilot projects to a more mature phase of deployment. As regulatory clarity, geological knowledge, and private-sector confidence continue to improve, geothermal energy is poised to play a much larger role in Denmark’s clean heat future.
In the silent depths beneath Denmark’s cities and towns, a reliable source of renewable heat is waiting—and the permits issued today are shaping how that energy will warm the nation tomorrow.
Related: Germany’s Laufzorn II Geothermal Heating Plant Achieves Positive Results from First Drilled Well
Source:Innargi
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