Croatia Signs Grant Agreement to Drill Four Geothermal Wells for Urban Heating Croatia has approved a major new investment to expand the use of geothermal energy for district heating in four cities. Velika Gorica, Osijek, Vinkovci, and Zaprešić are set to receive an additional EUR 35.3 million for geothermal development, including the drilling of four new wells that could support urban heating systems by 2030. The funding marks the second phase of a broader geothermal program designed to convert Croatia’s underground heat resources into reliable, domestic energy for homes, public buildings, businesses, agriculture, and industry. Across the two phases, the total investment in the four locations is expected to reach approximately EUR 86 million. The project is significant because it moves Croatia’s geothermal strategy beyond exploration. The country is now preparing the infrastructure needed to create production-and-injection well pairs, establish closed geothermal systems, an...
Włocławek Goes Deep: Poland's Latest Leap into Geothermal Energy – A Game-Changer for Clean Heating?
Deep beneath the historic streets of Włocławek, a quiet revolution is about to begin. On January 7, 2026, the city signed a landmark contract to drill the exploratory geothermal well Włocławek GT-1, plunging approximately 2700 meters into the earth right next to the local heating company, Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Energetyki Cieplnej (MPEC). This isn't just another construction project—it's a bold step toward ditching coal, slashing emissions, and tapping into the Earth's endless heat to warm homes in an eco-friendly way.
In the coming days, massive drilling rigs will start humming to life, boring through layers of rock and sediment in search of hot, mineral-rich waters that could completely transform how Włocławek heats its apartments, schools, factories, and public buildings. If the results are positive, this single borehole could open the door to a full-scale geothermal district heating system, potentially allowing the city to phase out its coal-fired incinerator and deliver stable, low-cost, zero-emission heat straight from the planet's core.
Why Geothermal? Poland's Hidden Treasure Beneath Our Feet
Geothermal energy stands out as one of the most dependable renewable resources available. Unlike solar power that disappears after sunset or wind energy that depends on weather patterns, the Earth's internal heat—produced by residual formation energy and ongoing radioactive decay—offers constant, reliable baseload power 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
In Poland, enormous low- to medium-temperature geothermal resources lie buried within sedimentary basins, particularly across the Polish Lowlands. Włocławek is located in the promising Mogilno-Łódź Trough, one of the regions where experts have identified strong geothermal potential for years. At accessible depths, temperatures in these formations can reach 70–90°C, often with good aquifer flow rates in Jurassic and Cretaceous layers.
Several Polish cities have already proven the concept works. Uniejów, Poddębice, Toruń, and others are successfully using geothermal heat for district heating, balneotherapy, and even agriculture. Until recently, however, the high upfront costs and geological risks kept many promising locations on hold. That picture is now changing rapidly thanks to strong government support.
Through the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFOŚiGW) and its dedicated program “Udostępnianie wód termalnych w Polsce” (Availability of Thermal Waters in Poland), municipalities can obtain near-full funding for exploratory drilling—covering almost everything except VAT. Włocławek successfully secured this support, meaning the city only needs to cover the tax portion of the project. The contract was awarded to UOS Drilling Spółka Akcyjna,Poland's most experienced geothermal drilling company, which has completed over 90% of the country's recent deep geothermal wells. The firm has 18 months from the signing date to finish the entire operation.
The Stakes: Decarbonization, Savings, and a Greener Future
Włocławek currently relies heavily on coal to heat the city, contributing to air pollution, high carbon emissions, and exposure to fluctuating fuel prices. The long-term goal is clear: diversify heat sources and eventually shut down the coal-fired incinerator that has served the district heating network for decades.
The key question the GT-1 well will answer is whether suitable geothermal waters exist at depth—specifically, whether they offer the right combination of temperature, flow rate,salinity, and mineralization to be economically viable for district heating.
If the results are favorable, the city plans to drill a second well to create a classic geothermal doublet: one production well to bring hot water to the surface, heat exchangers to transfer the energy into the existing district heating network, and a reinjection well to return the cooled water underground, maintaining pressure in the reservoir and minimizing environmental impact.
The potential benefits are substantial:
- Drastically lower CO₂ and particulate emissions, improving local air quality
- Greater energy independence and reduced exposure to imported fuel price volatility
- More stable and potentially lower long-term heating costs for residents and businesses
- Creation of skilled local jobs during construction, operation, and maintenance
- Positioning Włocławek as a leader in Poland’s accelerating geothermal transition
This project fits perfectly into the broader wave of geothermal development sweeping across Poland. In recent years, new heating plants have come online in Konin, Konskie, Koluszki, and several other locations. Multiple waves of government funding have supported dozens of exploratory wells since 2022, with central and northern regions emerging as the heart of the country's geothermal renaissance.
Challenges Ahead: High Reward, But Not Without Risk
Drilling to 2700 meters is a serious engineering challenge. The total cost of the GT-1 project exceeds 22 million zł brutto, and success is never guaranteed. Some exploratory wells have delivered disappointing flow rates, lower-than-expected temperatures, or highly mineralized water that requires expensive treatment to prevent scaling and corrosion in pipelines.
Nevertheless, Poland has developed effective ways to manage these risks: generous public grants, experienced drilling contractors like UOS, and decades of accumulated knowledge from successful projects in the Podhale region (home to Europe’s largest geothermal district heating system) and elsewhere.
A Vision for Tomorrow
Imagine Włocławek in the early 2030s: thousands of homes and buildings warmed by ancient geothermal heat flowing quietly beneath the streets, noticeably cleaner air, more predictable heating bills, and a growing sense of pride in leading Poland’s green energy transition.
If GT-1 proves successful, it could trigger a chain reaction—additional production and injection wells, expanded distribution networks, and even secondary uses such as balneotherapy spas, heated greenhouses, or low-temperature fish farming.
Poland’s accelerating geothermal boom demonstrates that renewables can flourish when smart policy, dedicated funding, and local ambition come together. As the first drill bit touches the ground near MPEC in the coming days, Włocławek is not simply probing the subsurface—it is drilling toward a cleaner, more sustainable, and more self-reliant future.
The Earth’s heat has been waiting billions of years. Now, the people of Włocławek are ready to bring it to the surface.
Source: Oclawek
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